Acrylonitrile (CAS 107-13-1, C₃H₃N) is a volatile, colorless liquid (vapor density 1.83 vs air) with a pungent odor and melting point of -83°C. As a key industrial chemical (6M tons/year production), it primarily manufactures polyacrylonitrile fibers, ABS plastics (automotive parts), nitrile rubber (gloves/seals), and synthetic resins. Its high reactivity (boiling point 77°C) enables polymerization for carbon fiber precursors and specialty adhesives. The compound’s flammability (flash point 0°C) and carcinogenicity demand OSHA-compliant handling with explosion-proof equipment. Modern applications include carboxyl-terminated variants (HTBN-A1) with 0.51-0.65mmol/g carboxyl content for liquid rubber production (viscosity ≤30Pa·s at 70°C), used in polyurethane adhesives and leather treatments.

Hydroxyl-terminated acrylonitrile copolymers (MW 53.06) serve as prepolymers for polyurethane adhesives, featuring butadiene-acrylonitrile main chains with terminal hydroxyl groups. Industrial-grade AN (99% purity) is also used in dye/pharmaceutical intermediates (propenenitrile, cyanoethylene). Strict controls are enforced for its explosive limits (3-17% in air) and toxicity, requiring closed-loop production systems to minimize emissions. Carboxylated nitrile rubber variants (≤2% volatility) offer enhanced fluidity for sealants, with 2-year shelf life. Global suppliers provide liquid AN in ISO-certified containers, emphasizing respiratory protection during processing due to its hazardous nature.